This edition has several new contributors; all of them are leading authorities, from various parts of the world. All the chapters have been thoroughly re-written and updated; many of them are by new but renowned contributors. Several new high quality clinical, radiographic images, gross pathology specimen photographs, and photomicrographs have been included in this edition for the readers’ convenience. This edition documents the rapid advances that have occurred at a blistering pace in TB diagnosis, universal drug-susceptibility testing [DST] and treatment of dug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB [M/XDR-TB], programmatic management of drug-resistant TB, public-private mix, the ENGAGE-TB approach, and END TB strategy, among others. The present edition includes recent classification of drugs and drug combinations including recent generation quinolones, bedaquiline and linezolid used in treating M/XDR-TB and a chapter detailing the latest developments in the field of laboratory diagnosis and management of NTM diseases.