This book, now in a fully updated second edition, is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the use of PET and SPECT for the imaging of neurobiological systems. Diverse aspects of neurotransmission in the brain are discussed, such as visualization and quantification of neuroreceptors, neuroinflammatory markers, transporters, and enzymes as well as neurotransmitter synthesis, β-amyloid deposition, cerebral blood flow, and the metabolic rate of glucose. The latest results in probe development are also detailed. A wide range of systems not addressed in the first edition are covered, reflecting the advances made in recent years. The book combines the expertise of authors internationally renowned for their dedication to the development of novel probes and techniques for the investigation of neurobiological systems. Most chapters are written jointly by radiochemists and nuclear medicine specialists to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be valuable to all with an interest in clinical and preclinical neuroscience. Companion volumes on the use of PET and SPECT in neurology and psychiatry complete a trilogy.