This book precisely deals with the basic principles of each component of the anesthesia machine. Starting from the conventional Boyle’s machine to the modern anesthesia workstation, the components are discussed. This book consists of 12 chapters, which include applied physics, anesthesia machine, medical gas cylinders, medical gas pipeline system, pressure reducing valves, flow meters, vaporizers, anesthetic breathing systems, laryngoscopes endotracheal tubes and airways, laryngeal mask airway, monitors, and equipment for spinal and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesia machine or anesthesia workstation is probably the only equipment that an anesthesiologist consistently uses everyday in the operating room. These machines incorporate different devices performing individually different functions. In every chapter, relevant history of the equipment is discussed briefly for making the reading interesting and complete. Every chapter has been written in a very simple, easy-to-understand language with adequate illustrations and figures that make easy understanding of the principles. This book will be useful to the postgraduate students as well as practicing anesthesiologists.