Pediatric critical care has run a double marathon since it started in India in the early 1980s. The subspecialty of pediatric care of the critical patient in an intensive care unit forms most significant skills of pediatric disorders. This IAP specialty series book uses a problem based approach to help the practicing pediatricians and postgraduate students to learn pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment to interact effectively with pediatric patients around a variety of health issues and their care. The new growth in neonatology and the narrowing gap between the developed and developing world has necessitated training the upcoming pediatricians with the latest technology in health care. This book consists of 41 chapters, which include critical care scenario in India, recognition and stabilization of the critically ill child, resuscitation, oxygen therapy in the emergency room and PICU, basics of mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart failure, vasoactive agents, hypertensive crises, head injury in children, diabetic ketoacidosis in children, acute liver failure, dengue in pediatric intensive care unit, envenomation, catheter-related bloodstream infection, nursing issues in the PICU, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and pediatric organ donation and donor maintenance. This book covers all the aspects of critical care units with most standardized techniques and methods to be understood by students. The book will be of use to residents, academic institutions and private practitioners alike as the chapters are detailed, yet have clarity and important key messages.